英語長句一般指的是各種復(fù)雜句，復(fù)雜句里可能有多個(gè)從句，從句與從句之間的關(guān)系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。所以翻譯長句，實(shí)際上我們的重點(diǎn)主要放在對(duì)各種   從句的翻譯上。從功能來說，英語有三大復(fù)合句，即：

  ①名詞性從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句；

  ②形容詞性從句，即我們平常所說的定語從句；

  ③狀語從句正確翻譯英語句子是英語學(xué)習(xí)者必須解決的問題。

  對(duì)于一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的難句，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)使用技巧使其簡單化。一般來說，可以使用順序法、逆序法、分句法和插入語靈活翻譯法。這些句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，邏輯性強(qiáng)，翻譯起來困難相當(dāng)大。但是，無論多長的句子、多么復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，它們都是由一些基本的成分組成的。只要弄清英語原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu)，找出整個(gè)句子的中心內(nèi)容及其各層意思，然后分析各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再按漢語的特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)方式就可以譯出原文了。在長句的英譯漢實(shí)踐中，我們始終應(yīng)記住英漢在句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異，不必拘泥于形式。

請(qǐng)大家練習(xí)翻譯下面句子！

  1.The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration, because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.

  2.Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits: it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn't traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally瞗riendly fertilizers.

  3.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter, concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication, developing your portfolio, anticipating questions with positive responses, and arriving early.

  4.based on these goals, place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories: company data, personal data, and specific job data.

  5.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

  6.They predict that a complete understanding of the human genetic code would provide untold benefits for humanity, for example, those abilities to diagnose, cure, and eventually prevent many diseases caused by faulty genes.

  7 .In both the United States and the United Kingdom, government contracts are governed by the ordinary law of contracts, with the result that the government can reserve the power to modify or terminate a contract on its own side only by writing such power into the contract.

  8.In order to make economic development agreements more attractive to investors, some developing countries have attempted to strengthen the security of such agreements, specifying that the agreements will be governed by “general principles of law recognized by civilized nations”-a set of legal principles or rules shared by the world's major legal systems.

  9.And not only is it technically impossible to censor current content of the Internet, but the Internet is set to explode exponentially in the indefinite future, with there being literally millions of changes and additions to web content on a daily basis.

  10.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”， a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

譯文

  1.野生禽類和許多其他動(dòng)物每年的遷徙，當(dāng)然不能被看做是一種探險(xiǎn)行為，因?yàn)?，這些遷徙活動(dòng)實(shí)際上只是從一個(gè)棲息地轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)棲息地，以躲避氣候的季節(jié)性變化。

  2.轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的倡導(dǎo)者指出，用生物技術(shù)生產(chǎn)食物有很多益處：它能加速作物和牲畜的生長速度，并使它們具有所要求的特點(diǎn)；它可以給食物增添以往不具備的特征；可以改進(jìn)食物的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值；可以生產(chǎn)出廉價(jià)、環(huán)保效果更好的肥料。

  3.面試前階段包括寫一封確認(rèn)函、集中注意自己的儀表和非語言行為、準(zhǔn)備好自己的資料、設(shè)想一些問題以及對(duì)這些問題的正面回答、早到面試地點(diǎn)。

  4.在明確這些目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上，將自己設(shè)想為面試你的人，在以下三個(gè)方面為自己設(shè)想出一些問題以及這些問題的答案：公司數(shù)據(jù)信息，個(gè)人信息，有關(guān)某份工作的特定信息。

  5.但是，毫無疑問，正是由于在申請(qǐng)工作的過程中具有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人數(shù)增加，使得簡歷更加重要。

  6.他們預(yù)計(jì)，對(duì)人體基因編碼的全面認(rèn)識(shí)將給人類帶來無法言喻的利益，例如，使人類能夠診斷、治療并最終預(yù)防基因缺陷造成的很多疾病。

  7.在美國和英國，合同受普通合同法的約束，因此，只能通過將自己的權(quán)力寫進(jìn)合同的方式，來保留單方面更改或終止合同的權(quán)力。

  8.為了使經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)協(xié)議對(duì)投資者更具吸引力，有些發(fā)展中國家企圖提高協(xié)議的安全性，規(guī)定這些協(xié)議受“文明國家公認(rèn)的總法律原則”的約束，這些原則由世界幾個(gè)主要法律體系所共有的一套原則和規(guī)范組成。

  9.而且，不僅從技術(shù)上無法審查因特網(wǎng)目前的內(nèi)容，而且因特網(wǎng)的設(shè)立意味著信息內(nèi)容在未來會(huì)以指數(shù)激增，每天改變或增加的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息內(nèi)容簡直將達(dá)幾百萬條。

  10.盡管它裁決并沒有憲法權(quán)利來支持醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺行為，最高法院實(shí)際上支持了被稱為“雙重效果”的醫(yī)療原則；這個(gè)已有幾個(gè)世紀(jì)歷史的道德原則認(rèn)為一個(gè)可能有兩個(gè)效果的行為--一個(gè)想要達(dá)到的好的效果和一個(gè)已經(jīng)預(yù)見到的有害的效果是被允許的，如果行為的實(shí)施者想要的只是好的效果的話。